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蔡   林 ，王桂堯 ，鄭   濤 ，劉劍航

 

（長沙理工大學(xué) 土木工程學(xué)院 ，長沙 410114)

摘   要 ：為系統(tǒng)揭示側(cè)向剛度對巖體強度劣化及裂紋擴(kuò)展機(jī)制的影響規(guī)律 ，引入初始損傷系數(shù) γ開展含預(yù)制裂紋系統(tǒng)試樣的雙軸壓縮試驗。試驗結(jié)果表明：側(cè)向約束剛度對裂紋誘導(dǎo)的強度折損具有顯著抑制作用 ，且抑制效應(yīng)隨側(cè)向約束剛度和初始損傷系數(shù)  (0. 07 ~ 0. 64)  的增大呈非線性增長趨勢 ；側(cè)向約束剛度可以提升巖體起裂應(yīng)力閾值 ，促進(jìn)次生裂紋萌生 ，但翼型裂紋抑制效應(yīng)受裂紋傾角調(diào)控 ；側(cè)向約束剛度可約束巖體變形，驅(qū)動巖體破壞性質(zhì)由脆性破壞向塑性破壞轉(zhuǎn)變 ；側(cè)向約束剛度促使試樣破壞模式由彎折壓潰破壞向直接壓潰破壞轉(zhuǎn)變。探明了側(cè)向剛度對巖體力學(xué)行為及裂紋擴(kuò)展行為的作用規(guī)律 ，提出了側(cè)向約束剛度—裂紋傾角—初始損傷程度耦合模型 ，為隧道 、礦山等支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)變剛度設(shè)計提供了理論支撐 ，推動支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)向動態(tài)支護(hù)發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞：側(cè)向剛度 ；損傷巖體 ；巖體強度 ；雙軸壓縮 ；裂紋擴(kuò)展

中圖分類號：TU45            文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A           文章編號： 1005- 8249   (2026)  01- 0156- 13

DOI:10. 19860/j.cnki.issn1005 - 8249.2026.01 .027

CAI Lin ,  WANG Guiyao ,  ZHENG Tao ,  LIU Jianhang

(School of Civil Engineering ,  Changsha University of Science and Technology ,  Changsha 410114 ,  China)

Abstract :  As significant support forms in engineering ,  flexible and rigid supports are widely employed ,  and their mechanical effects are closely associated with the  stiffness  characteristics  of the  support  structure .    To  systematically  disclose  the  influence  rules of lateral stiffness  on  the  strength  deterioration  and  crack propagation mechanism of  the  rock  mass ,   the  initial  damage coefficient  ( γ)  was introduced to represent the initial damage degree of the prefabricated crack system specimens .   Based on the self -  developed  test  device  with   adjustable  lateral  constraint  stiffness ,   biaxial   compression  tests  on  the  specimens  with prefabricated crack systems were conducted .   The test results  indicate that :  The total lateral stiffness has a remarkable inhibitory effect on the strength loss induced by cracks ,  and the inhibitory effect shows a nonlinear growth trend with the increase of lateral constraint stiffness  and  the  initial  damage  coefficient  (0. 07  - 0. 64) ;   The  lateral  constraint  stiffness  can enhance the  crack  initiation stress threshold of the rock mass and facilitate the initiation of secondary cracks ,  but the inhibitory effect on the wing -  shaped cracks is regulated by the  crack  inclination  angle;  The  lateral  constraint  stiffness  can  constrain  the  deformation  of the  rock mass and drive the failure nature of the rock mass to transform from brittle failure to plastic failure;  The lateral constraint stiffness prompts the failure mode of the specimens to change from bending and crushing failure to direct crushing failure .   The

research reveals the  evolution  law  of  the  rock  mass strength and  the transformation mechanism of  the  failure mode under the coupling effect  of  lateral   constraint  stiffness   and  initial  damage ,   and   establishes   the   mapping  relationship  among  support stiffness ,   initial damage coefficient ,   and failure  mode ,   providing a theoretical basis for the design of support structures and the assessment of surrounding rock stability.

Key words :  lateral stiffness;  damaged rock mass;  rock mass strength;  biaxial compression;  crack propagation

作者簡介：蔡   林  (2000—) ,  男 ，碩士 ，研究方向：巖土工程。

通信作者： 王桂堯  (1963—) ,  男 ，博士 ，教授 ，研究方向：巖土工程與邊坡工程。

收稿日期：2025 - 03 - 29